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BACH FLOWER REMEDIES: ADMINISTRATION OF BACH FLOWER REMEDIES
DOSE 4 drops of the medicine form one dose which can be dropped straight on the tongue with a dropper or 4 drops of the medicine may be added to a spoonful of water which can be taken as one dose.
Three to four doses a day are usually sufficient in the normal case but in acute cases the dose may be repeated even at 10-15 minute interval.
A more convenient method of administering the remedy is in the form of medicated globules, like homeopathic medicines. 5-6 drops of the medicine in one dram phial filled with No 20 globules are sufficient to energize the globules after violently shaking the phial. 4-6 globules form one dose which is put dry on tongue. The first dose in the day may be taken on empty stomach after rinsing the mouth clean. Other doses may be taken an hour before or after taking meals.
Care should be taken to wash the mouth clean before taking the medicine. Betel-chewing or tabacco chewing without thoroughly washing is not suitable to take in Flower Remedies.
Should it be desirable to give the medicine in liquid form, the globules may be dissolved in a spoonful of water which can be put on the tongue in an open mouth. The liquid medicine should not be gulped down the throat. It must remain in contact with the tongue before passing on to the throat.
If more than one medicines are prescribed, then each medicine can be taken turn by turn at regular intervals. Suppose Mimulus and Sclerantus are prescribed T.D.S for a patient then Mimulus may be taken at 6 A.M, 10 A.M. and 2 P.M. i.e at 4 hrs interval. Scleranthus may be given in between say at 8 A.M, 12 noon and 4 P.M.
Alternatively both remedies may be taken simultaneously – 4 globules each from Mimulus and Scleranthus are taken simultaneously at 4 hours interval daily.
*1\308\8*
АТОПИЧЕСКИЙ ДЕРМАТИТ
Атопический дерматит – поражение кожи, связанное с повышенной чувствительностью к пищевым, бытовым, грибковым, бактериальным, химическим и другим аллергенам.
Обычно заболевание начинается рано, на первом году жизни, у детей с наследственностью, отягощенной аллергическими заболеваниями, находящихся на раннем искусственном вскармливании. Однако возможно развитие атопического дерматита и в более старшем возрасте и даже у взрослых.
У некоторых больных атопическому дерматиту сопутствуют другие проявления аллергии – аллергические риносинуситы, аллергические ларинготрахеиты, бронхиальная астма.
Атопический дерматит может протекать различно, в зависимости от возраста и состояния больного.
Наиболее частым осложнением атопического дерматита является наслоение бактериальной инфекции. При этом образуются гнойные пустулы различных размеров, массивные корки. Причиной инфекции чаще всего являются стафилококки, реже – стрептококки, которые через расчесы проникают в кожу больных и размножаются в ней благодаря снижению ее защитных свойств у больных нейродермитом и экземой.
Так как при атопическом дерматите снижены защитные факторы клеточного иммунитета, эти больные особенно подвержены заражению вирусом герпеса, другими вирусами.
невроз навязчивых состояний лечение
MEMORY LOSS IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE
Memory loss occurs in all cases, but it can sometimes be difficult to detect as people cover it up very well. The most recent memories go first and only much later and in severe disease does the past memory get really affected. The things we’ve done in the last few hours, days, weeks and months are placed in our short-term memory. It is this recent storage that seems not to work properly in Alzheimer’s disease. Because memory loss is an important feature of the condition and can be tested for, it forms part of every assessment. One common test is to ask the person a variety of questions covering short- and long-term memory. Ten questions are asked.
• How old are you?
• What is your date of birth?
• What is the day today?
• What month are we in?
• What year is it?
• When was the First World War?
• What is the name of the Prime Minister?
• Where are you now?
• Remember an address, e.g. 24 West Register Street and ask the person to repeat it after 5 minutes.
• Count backwards from 20 to 1.
As long as the person is cooperative (and has been asked in a nice way!) this test is easy to perform. A score out of ten is achieved.
The importance of the test is that it gives a quick guide to the areas where there might be problems. The questions test short-term and long-term memory as well as orientation. A low score by itself never means that the person has dementia. It is only a guide that something is wrong. Someone with mild to moderate dementia will usually get the short-term memory questions wrong and won’t be able to remember the address. They will, however, usually know their birthday (the year might prove hard) and questions about the War. The question about the Prime Minister causes a lot of debate. Mrs. Thatcher was there so long and was so influential on the public in one way or another (and indeed still is) that some assessors feel it is only fair to give a point if her name is given. As a rule a low score that goes up as the weeks go by usually indicates that the initial poor performance was due to an acute confusional state. A persistently low score over many months is much more indicative of a dementia (as long as all the treatable causes of chronic confusion have been ruled out).
Psychologists are experts in the field of memory testing and use much more sophisticated tests than the modified Northwick Park test given above. When testing someone they use a whole range of different types of test so that they get a very accurate picture of where the serious memory losses are occurring. It has been shown that in mild to moderate cases of Alzheimer’s dementia the sufferer can remember something (often a picture) if asked about it immediately. If the person is asked to match one picture with an identical one they can do it if shown them one immediately after the other. Problems begin to occur if a delay is introduced. Indeed after only ten seconds some people cannot match the pictures or remember what they were shown. In other tests where the psychologist tries to get the person to learn something new and then remember it, there is good evidence that a dementia sufferer can do it, can learn something new and remember it, as long as they are given long enough to do it. It seems that they forget things at the same rate as everyone else; their main problem is in learning and retaining. Computers are now being used to help test memory and other aspects that the psychologist is interested in (reaction times – the time taken for the person to press a button when asked to do so or on seeing a certain picture).
In a social setting the loss of short-term memory can be easily missed. Evasive answers to a direct question – ‘It’s slipped my mind’, ‘I’m awful with dates’, ‘It will come to me’, are very common and it’s surprising how you can start a sentence, get stuck, look at someone and they will help finish it for you. However, a stage is reached sooner or later that cannot be concealed from carers. Memory for recent events gradually gets worse and worse, whereas the sufferer can recall childhood situations and young adult life easily. This short-term memory loss can have practical implications in that kettles and ovens can be left on, etc., and people may forget that they have eaten. The sufferer may go out on an errand and a few yards out of the house have forgotten where they were going and occasionally not be able to find their way home again. In the advanced severe stage the person may forget the names of their nearest and dearest, often a very distressing state for the carers. Finally the sufferer may forget their own name.
*28/128/5*
FDA Approved Prescription Drugs.
General Health
EYE CARE CONTROVERSIES: STRUGGLE AMONG EYE CARE PROFESSIONS
While optometrists are sparring with ophthalmologists on the right to administer dilating drugs, they are also arguing with opticians about the right to fit contact lenses. There is nothing in most state regulations to prevent an optician from fitting contacts. Many state opticians’ licensing examinations include whole sections on contact lenses. Some opticians don’t choose to fit contacts and have asked that the lens part of the test be reserved for those practitioners who choose to go into the field. That way, an optician failing the contact lens portion, but not the eyeglass portion, of the test won’t have been deprived from taking a job or opening in an optical shop where eyeglasses are manufactured and sold.
In contrast, optometrists think that opticians do not have the training to fit hard and soft lenses directly on the eye. They say that all opticians should be prevented from doing the detailed work. They suggest that of the soft contact lenses alone, with more than two dozen manufacturers making them in a dizzying variety of shapes, widths, thicknesses, and materials, more knowledge is needed than available to the less-trained opticians. Some optometrists say, “Opticians don’t know which end is up” about contacts. Dr. Ross said, in referring to opticians fitting contact lenses, “It is a violation of the laws of medicine and optometry?
But opticians who do choose to fit contact lenses point to their success with patients. They question the economic motives of the optometrists’ efforts to restrict opticians’ practices. It’s strictly a matter of greed, they declare. An optician who asked not to be named said, ”A optometrist has a major stake in contacts, but the ophthalmologist can prescribe them too. It hurts the optometrist’s business to have the job handled by the ophthalmologist and the optician. It cuts him out.” In some cases, the ophthalmologist prescribes the correction and the optician manufactures and sells it. The optometrist is like a
barnacle on a boat slowing down the patient’s passage to better sight. Opticians agree among themselves that the optometrist appears to be an unnecessary professional addition.
There is more politics mixed up with money and lenses. Ophthalmologists don’t usually sell eyeglasses and contact lenses, so they declare themselves above the conflict between eye care professionals and obvious economic interests where lenses are sold. Optometrists point out that this attitude smacks of cover-up.
For instance, optometrists claim they do not push unneeded lenses on patients, even though they sell the products. The ophthalmologists doubt this statement, Optometrists, in turn, claim that some ophthalmologists art not above making a profit on lenses, because they do, in fact, have affiliations with lens stores or opticians. Some eye surgeons have lens dispensing sections right in their offices, and they are not entirely truthful about not profiting from the sale of visual aids.
Finally, the opticians routinely complain that some ophthalmologists and optometrists are slow to furnish prescriptions to other specialists when it becomes clear the patient is going to shop around for the eye care products.
This interprofessional infighting goes on among opticians, optometrists, and ophthalmologists in almost every community in the United States. There is little love lost among any of them. Ophthalmologists are concerned about an ongoing power grab at the top rungs of the eye care ladder by optometrists. Optometrists are trying to get maximum mileage out of their training so as to enhance their income by an increased sale of services. With ever-present political resistance from both professions, vision-impaired people become the losers.
*28/127/5*
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General Health
CHOOSING A NEW DOCTOR TO TAKE HEALTH CARE FOR OLDER PEOPLE: ACCESSIBILITY AND QUALITY OF THE SERVICES
Accessibility
Find out if the office is close by or near public transportation. Will it be easy to get there if your health changes for the worse? Assess how easy it will be to reach the doctor. What are the office hours, and what is the policy if an emergency occurs after hours? Is another doctor on call when yours is unavailable?
If the doctor is part of a group practice, the associates will cover. Doctors in solo practice generally make arrangements with another practitioner to take their calls when they are away. Be as sure as possible that you will be able to get immediate attention when you need it.
Answers to these questions will help narrow your choices. When you visit, look for the following signs.
Quality of the services
Is the doctor prompt, or are you kept waiting for hours? Is the office clean and well equipped? Are you given a thorough examination?
On this first visit, expect the doctor to spend a good deal of time reviewing your medical history. Be prepared to discuss everything important: your major illnesses and operations, the drugs you regularly take, bad reactions to past treatments, any allergies or sensitivities. Get a sense of whether the doctor is questioning you fully and giving you ample time to talk. In the physical examination, the same considerations apply. Is this someone who seems careful and competent? Is this a person you feel comfortable with and can trust?
Look for signs of geriatric sensitivity. Does the doctor dismiss symptoms that bother you as “old age”? Do you get the feeling that what you say is being discounted because you are over seventy-five? Does this person seem to prescribe drugs precipitously? Are you carefully questioned about the medications you are taking now?
If you have a chronic disease, the doctor should be concerned about how your condition is affecting your ability to function and knowledgeable about the total approach to care discussed earlier – rehabilitation, supportive aids and community services. Choose someone who seems interested in more than the strictly physical side of your disease.
*141/159/5*
GENERAL HEALTH
General Health
HIGH-QUALITY MEDICAL CARE FOR OLDER PEOPLE: SELECTING A NEW DOCTOR
Changing doctors is an unpleasant task that many older people face, not just the few who awaken to the fact that their trusted family physicians are less than competent. You may have moved after retirement. Or you and your doctor may have grown old together. One year he decides to retire. It is hard to start again from scratch after losing a relationship that may have spanned much of your adult life. You may feel no one will know your body in the same way. Never again will you get the same special attention or care.
These fears are natural. Anyone we have such an intimate relationship with for so long is bound to seem irreplaceable. The truth is that transference is transferable. Provided you make a determined search, you can find a doctor you will eventually feel just as enthusiastic about. But you must choose wisely. Make selecting a replacement a special project. What other investment of time is more important? (Once again, it may be helpful to enlist another person in following the next suggestions, a competent “buddy” who can work with you – or even take over the job – in making this project succeed.)
Develop a list of names. Question friends and relatives, but give most weight to recommendations by doctors or other health-care professionals. They will be better able to evaluate candidates’ skills. You can feel more confident that someone they suggest is competent, not just affable.
Check the credentials of each person on your list. What training and education does the doctor have? Does he or she have an academic appointment at a medical school? What hospital is the physician affiliated with, and what is its reputation? To get these facts, either call the doctor’s office directly or ask your county medical society.
Expense. Find out the doctor’s fees and when payments are due. If your financial situation is tight, would it be possible to arrange a special payment schedule to fit your budget? Find out if the doctor accepts Medicare (or if you are eligible, Medicaid), and if so, for what services. Will the office bill Medicare and your insurance carrier directly?
Medicare will pay only for the services of licensed physicians. Your doctor may bill Medicare directly, or you may pay and then be reimbursed by Medicare. Whatever arrangement you have with your doctor, after you pay the yearly deductible, Medicare pays 80 percent of what it deems the “reasonable charge,” and you pay the other 20 percent. If your doctor charges more than the “reasonable charge,” you are responsible for the additional amount.
If feasible, choose a doctor who takes what is called “Medicare assignment.” This means that even if his normal fee is higher, he agrees not to charge you more than Medicare will cover. Those who accept Medicare assignment also submit claim forms directly to Medicare, which will save you time. Unfortunately, however, it is increasingly hard to find a doctor who does accept assignment. Because of Medicare’s stingy reimbursement rates, nationwide 72 percent do not.
*140/159/5*
General Health
NORMAL SLEEP PATTERNS: NEWBORN
The newborn sleeps for 18 hours a day or more, usually in spells of 2 to 4 hours at a time, and awakes only if he is hungry, cold, or otherwise uncomfortable. For the first few weeks of life, it is very difficult to ‘read’ the baby’s behaviour and sleep patterns. He is making a huge transition to the outside world and will be affected by such factors as his level of maturity (whether the baby is premature), any drugs given to the mother during labour, the delivery itself, and so on. Mothers often find it difficult to interpret signals from a newborn baby, and it takes some time, varying from days to many weeks, to settle into any sort of pattern or rhythm. This period of being unsettled can last considerably longer if the baby was very premature or has medical problems during the newborn period. A newborn baby tends to sleep very soundly and is not easily awakened by loud noises or body movements in the way that an older child is.
*150\90\8*
General Health
GENERAL LACK OF ENERGY/FEELING TIRED ALL THE TIME – NERVOUS TENSION
Nervous tension may be playing some part in producing your lack of energy, especially if you are refusing to acknowledge or express some of your real feelings. It is when you try to force natural feelings like anger, sadness or anxiety underground that they are likely to surface in the form of unpleasant symptoms like extreme tiredness. Don’t force yourself to appear bright, cheerful and optimistic when you don’t really feel like that at all. Talk about and express your feelings—let them out and share them with your loved ones. I am sure that you will all have more energy to deal with what is happening if you can do this.
Try not to burn up energy raging against things that cannot be changed. Use what energy you have positively, to make the most of your situation. If you can no longer manage activities that have been important for you, think about whether you can modify them in some way so that you can manage. Ask for help— obstinately insisting on being independent could mean that you will miss out on some things that you could have managed with a bit of help. Look for appealing alternatives that are within your capabilities. In short, try to make the most of the time and energy that you do have. It is actually quite likely that you will gain energy as a result!
*187/40/1*
Cancer
FRACTURES – DESCRIPTION
A fracture is a broken bone; it may be complete or incomplete, as in a greenstick fracture in a child. It is recognised by pain, swelling and loss of function but sometimes this last sign is not present. Just because somebody can still move his fingers does not mean that the wrist has NOT been broken.
Fractures may be complicated by causing damage to arteries and nerves, or compound, that is involving lacerations or exposing the bone. With large fractures there is always marked loss of blood internally (so you can’t see it) and the risk of shock is present.
The essence of first aid treatment is to immobilise the fractured bone. Don’t try to straighten a crooked limb — splint it as it is.
Splints are easily improvised. Strap one leg to another or one arm to the side of the body, or put one arm in a sling. A piece of wood, a stick, even a ruler, bandaged against the broken limb will do to immobilise the ends of the broken bone.
All suspected fractures must be seen by a doctor. FINGERS
These may be splinted with bandages, or by strapping to the adjoining fingers. BONES OF THE ARM
May be immobilised in a sling, or strapped to the side.
CLAVICLE (COLLARBONE)
*630/71/1*
General Health
GALLSTONES – TREATMENT
At times, it is necessary to open and explore the common bile duct, as when there is a history of jaundice or if there are indications at operation that a small stone may lie within the duct.
When the duct is explored, it usually extends the stay in hospital to 10 to 14 days.
In the past, quacks often gained a reputation for themselves by claiming to cure gallstones. Their potions usually consisted of one part of oil and another of alkali. These reacted in the bowel to form a soap which collected as one or more pellets.
When these were passed in the motion, the quack claimed he had rid the person of their stones.
While researchers have long sought to dissolve stones, rather than operate, it is only recently that this has become possible.
Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDC) is a naturally occurring bile acid which can be given by mouth in large quantities and can both prevent and dissolve the cholesterol stones.
It only works for these rather than the pigment or mixed stones and, even then, is only effective in about 20 per cent of cases, although up to half the stones may be reduced in size.
*374/71/1*
General Health
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